A very important concept for livestock, animal Farmer

Mohd Zulfadzly(Pengurus ZA Rabbit Farm  )  : 
1) Sekiranya pemberian yang berlebihan (BMM) kepada arnab adalah terdapat sebarang masalah?
( Is it ok if i give excessive BMM to my rabbit?)

2)  Saya sudah memberikan kepada arnab saya. Namun, saya kurang pasti keberkesanannya.
Tetapi saya guna pada pokok, ya Nampak perubahan. Pokok cepat membesar dan Nampak segar…
( i do not confirm with the result after feeding my rabbit with BMM, but then my plants looked great and fast growing after feeding with BMM...)

3) Tapi, saya belum mencuba untuk pembuatan baja. Kerana saya kurang pasti bagaimana untuk membuat baja tersebut.
Saya harap dapat maklum balas dari Mr. Ken. Thank you.
( i am sure how to use BMM to make compost, hope that i can get some info from Mr. Ken) 


Mr Microbes(Ken) :
1)Tiada masalah, i recommend BMM-fermented silaj/feed meal( 5-30% of total feeding volume,  should not be more than ), instead of just putting BMM inside the drink or food.

2) Ok, generally for feed pretreatment ( nutrition enrichment of feed meal), there are 2 types of fermentation.
a)Anaerobic fermentation and      b)aerobic fermentation.


Anaerobic fermentation means using the anaerobic microbes to ferment without utilizing oxygen ( which is well-known as bokashi/ or silaj), while aerobic fermentation is to use  aerobic microbes to ferment.
In my personal opinion, for small to middle scale farmers , anaerobic fermentation is always the best choice, aerobic fermentation is not really recommended.

Some other manufacturers claimed their aerobic-fermented feed meal,  only have to add in only between 1-5% of the total volume, but the price is very expensive, for example, some imported fermented meal cost about RM5000-6000/1tones.
Aerobic fermentation of feed meal is to use Bacillus subtilis natto (aerobic)  to the ferment, the disadvantages will be more dominant.
Actually aerobic fermentation of feed meal is less common in Malaysia. I just want to give you some ideas on the pictures of aerobic fermentation. The process is as follows:

1) The first thin layer of feed meal ( soy meal, corn meal, bran..) is inoculated with Bacillus natto and other aerobic fermentation bacteria more than a day, aerobic fermentation just for the purpose  of producing large amounts of Enzyme (proteases, amylase) (of course, also have some valuable nattokinase), then proceed to anaerobic treatment where

2) The collected fermented material is compacted in the container, where the proteolytic protease will help to digest the the large molecule protein into active peptides/amino acid. One of the advantage of this process is large amount of protease are produced, which is somewhat similar to the ancient China's soy sauce production process:
First is to cultivate cooked soy bean with Aspergillus oryzae, next to generate Aspergillus-produced proteases mixtures, and compacted in a container in order to convert the soy protein into taste compounds of amino acid,  soy sauce is the final the product. However,  fermentation and enzymatic process take a very long period.

Disadvantages of  Aerobic fermentation
1) Aerobic fermentation process is pretty difficult, it need to be done in professional and technically way, local farmers without certain equipment and knowledge can not always ensure zero contamination and odor production of feed meal. Besides, Aerobic fermentation will consume large amounts of energy store in feed meal. Theoretically, as long as the fermentation continue carry on, digestion will continue as well, eventually will consume all the calorie stored in the meal.  Food energy content is very important in animal breeding. So, this also tell us why aerobic fermentation of soybean meal can only be used as feed additives, can not be used as a normal amount of feed meal, because the cost is too high.

For example, 100kg of raw meal after fermented will only left around 80 kg, while the the anaerobic fermentation general loss does not exceed 5%.

The main objective of Aerobic fermentation is to decomposition protein to small peptide. In fact, later on the  process have to go through anaerobic treatment. Aerobic fermentation process by Bacillus Subtilis natto produces a large number of proteases, where this protease exert it's proteolytic effect, producing small peptides, but in fact the Commercialized Enzyme protease product has been very popular in market, why don't directly use the protease to decomposition of soybean meal?

So personally believe that aerobic fermentation of feed meal is superfluous.



2)Aerobic fermentation do not enhance the growing lactic acid bacteria. Organic acid like prop-anionic acid and lactic acid are very important to enhance animal growth.
Actually,aerobic feed meal fermentation also getting less popular. Farmer can buy protease produced by modern technology plus lactic acid bacteria and yeast fermentation, the effect is better.

The advantages of anaerobic fermentation
1)The anaerobic fermentation of the advantages are: Less material, vitamin loss, less energy loss, sufficiently small peptide production, but also both Lactobacillus function, the same time, produces a large number of lactic acid. More importantly, at the same time, the low cost production of anaerobic fermentation are affordable for any farmers.

2)Although anaerobic fermentation of  feed meal produce less peptide less the aerobic fermentation, but we can compensate by adding a large amount (usage can reach 10% to 30%) to cover the animal's requirement of peptide. although the yield is less, but it is  sufficient, Compared to the cost of production, anaerobic fermentation is always cost effective.

From my point of view, the use of anaerobic fermentation (Feed meal 10-30%), compared to the aerobic fermentation feed meal (1-5%) the nutrition benefit of  anaerobic fermentation is far more than the aerobic fermentation. The biological function of the anaerobic fermentation feed meal after being consumed is also greater.

In addition to the features of a small peptide, also both lactic acid bacteria function, lactic acid and other organic acids, rich in vitamin even higher digestible energy than unprocessed raw materials ( aerobic fermentation process consumes more than half of digestible energy)

With  lactic acid bacteria and yeast fermentation ( using BMM), the effect will be superb.

Overally, the final effect of the use of anaerobic fermentation of feedmeal meal 10-30%, compared to the aerobic fermentation of feed meal of 1-5%, the anaerobic fermentation outcome are far more beneficial than the aerobic fermentation.Anaerobic fermentation rich in various organic acids, vitamin, higher digestibility energy

3) please refer to the leaflet and guildeline of BMM